Improvement in gage-lathes



A z'sneets-sn'eet 1. E. SILVER. Gage-Lathe. No. 199,584. Patented Jan. 22,1878.

jwerzfor- 0 M/M We? N. PETERS, PHOTO LITHGGRAPHEfl. WASHINGTON. b O

E SILVER. Gage-Lathe.

Patent ed Jan. 22,1878.

W TZW/M 'LPETERS. PHOTUJJTHOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON. n C.

. attachments.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIC EDWIN SILVER, or READING, Assrenoaro JOHN KEATS, or woon GREEN,

i ENGLAND.

IMPROVEMENT IN GAG E-LATH 5s.

' Specification forming part of Letters Patent 0,199,584, dated January 22, 1878; application filed October 16, 1877; patented in England, April 24, 1877.

the following is 'a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.

My invention has for its object the construction of an automatic lathe for the rapid and accurate turning of wooden pill-boxes,

spools for thread,bobbins for spinning-frames 'E support all the working parts of the maand other cotton and woolen manufacturing machinery, and other small articles of wood manufactured by turning in lathes.

The invention consists, partly, in various mechanisms, hereinafter described, for the production of the automatic movements of the tailstock, the sliding stocks for the cutting-tools, acariier'for taking the turned articles from the lathe when finished and depositing them in a suitable receptacle, a hollow arbor being used for the rotation of the wood to be'turned,

and another solid arbor forthe insertion of a boring tool or tools for interior cutting.

. The invention consists, further, in certain constructions of the various parts of the machine and features of its general organization. Figure 1 is a front view of the machine, withportions broken away to show parts otherwise hidden. Fig. 2 is a top view of the same.

Fig. 3 is a top view of acam-wheel, which act:

uates the sliding cutter stocks, the camgrooves on the upper side of the said wheel being shown in full outline, and a cam-groove on the bottom of the same being shown in dot ted outline. Fig. 4 is a sectional plan view of the central portion of the bed and some of its Fig. 5 is a view of that end of the lathe at the left in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a vertical section on the line w w in Fig. 1. Fig. 7

is a vertical section on. the line y y in Fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is a view of that end of the lathe-bed at the right in Fig. 1, and of its attachments. Fig. 9 is a top view of the central part of the lathe-bed and some of its attachments. Fig.

' 10 is a detail view, illustrating some of the cutters, their relation with the hollow arbor, and their functions.

A, Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6,7, and 8, represents the lathe-bed, which has a hollow box, B, preferably circular in plan, in the. middle thereof. Thesaid bed is supported by legs 0 at the .ends, and by a pillar, D, under the central box B. The said pillar D has two branches,

(1, Figs. 1 and 6, at its upper part; and each i of said branches is subdivided into two other branches, d, the upper ends of which are attached to the bed. To the branches (1, between the branches d, is bolted the cross-beam E, Figs. 1 and 6.

The said bed A, pillar l), andcrossbeam.

chine, includingthe horizontal shaft F, Figs. 1, 2, 5, and 6, and its attachments. The, said shaft is supported in bearings a and to, Figs. 1, 2, and 5, the bearing a projecting laterally from one of the legs 0, and the bearing a" projecting downward from the central enlargement or box B of the, bed A. Said shaft A drives every working part of the lathe, ex: cept the arbors, through intermediate mechanism, hereinafter described, receiving its motion from a belt running on the cone-pulley H. i The first intermediate transmitter of motion between the shaft F and the working parts to i which it transmits motion is a worm-gear, G, Figs. 1, 2, and 6, keyed to a vertical shaft, F, Figs. 1 and 2, which has its bearings in the pillar D and the cross-beam E. Upon the shaft F is an endless screw, b, Figs. 1, 2, 5,

and 6, which meshes with the worm-gear G.

Upon the shaft F is also keyed thecamwheel I, Figs. 1 and3, the cam-grooves of which are indicated in Fig. 3, and designated by the letters c cc. The'grooves c and o are on the upper face of the cam, and the groove 0" is on the lower face of the j same. Said cam-wheel may be consideredeither as 'a" cam or as a series of cams arranged on the same shaft.

J, Figs. 1, 2,6, 9, and 10, is a hollow arbor fitted in bearings in a head-stock, K. Said head-stock is adjustable on the lathe-bed, but is, in use, clamped to said bed in the usual manner. Said arbor J is driven directly by belt from a pulley on a counter-shaft, said belt running on the pulley L, Figs. 1, 2,and 9, and

said counter-shaft also carrying a cone-pulley for thebelt which drives the cone-pulleyH on theshaft F.

The wood to be turned is forced into and through the hollow arbor J by means of the automatically-sliding tail-stock M, Figs. 1, 2, and 5, which carries a rotating spur-center, e, fitted in a bearing in said tail-stock, and the wood is caused to rotate with said hollow arbor and rotating spur-center either by friction in the arbor or by knife edges or spurs fitted in the inside surface of said arbor; but in general the friction in the hollow arbor will be sufficient to cause the wood to rotate. To adapt it to different sizes of bolts, said hollow arbor may be fitted with bushes w, Fig. 10, with different-sized bores.

Upon the side of the head-stock K, into the hollow arbor of which the wood enters, is-pivoted a cutter-stock, N, Figs. 1, 2, and 6, having attached to it alever,'f. In the said lever is formed a curved slot, g, Fig. 6, through which pass'es'a screw-bolt, h. By means of the said lever, slot, and bolt the proper angular adjustment of the cutter-stock N is obtained. The other cutter-stocks, hereinafter described, may have similar adjustments.

The said cutter-stock N, in use, carries outters '5, Fig. 9, the function of which is to reduce the wood to be turned to a cylinder of the same size as the hollow in the arbor J as the wood is fed up by the automatically sliding tail-stock M. This action of the cutters is indicated in Fig. 9, in which j represents the wood in process of turning. The said cutters '5 reduce the wood to a diameter which snugly fits the hollow arbor J, while the sliding tail-stock forces the wood into and throughsaid arbor, the wood bolt rotating with said I arbor, and also rotating the spur-center e in the tail-stock M, which center forms a rear bearing for the said wood bolt. The said spur-center has a shoulder, 70, formed on it, which presses against the end of the box in which said center runs, and thus forms a bearing for the endwise thrust which it receives while pressing the wood into the hollow arbor. The wood bolts j are, moreover, roughly pointed, as hereinafter described, at theend which first enters the said hollow arbor, to insure their centrical entrance into said arbor.

, Thedevices for causing the tail-stock M to automaticallytraverse toward the head-stock K are as follows: The tail-stock is furnished with vertical sliding pawls 1, Figs. 1 and 5, in its interior, which engage a reciprocating ratchet-bar, m, Figs. 1, 2, and 5, fitted to slide in or on ways attached to or formed in the lathe-bed. Said pawls are preferably four in number, and are placed side by side in a boX formed in the said tail-stock, in such manner that their four points or edges'are distanced to include six teeth of the ratchet-bar. One or other of said pawls will therefore engage the ratchet-bar m when the latter is moved through a distance measured by onlya fraction of one of the teeth of said ratchet-bar. To the outside of said tail-stock are pivoted the pawls 1,

Figs. 1 and 2, preferably three in number,-and so distanced that their three points include a fraction more than 'eightteeth of a fixed ratchetbar, 1", attached to the outside of the lathebed. One or other of said pawls Z will act when the tail-stock is moved through a dis tance equal to a fraction of one of the teeth in the ratchet r. Said pawls Z prevent the retreat of the tail-stock M when the ratchet m reciprocates.

The said pawls l are so arranged that when the one nearest the head-stock K is raised it abuts against the next pawl, which, in vturn, abuts against the next, so that all are raised by raising the inner pawl.

The pawls Z are each provided with a lateral projection, 8, Figs. land 2, which passes out through a slot in the side of the tail-stock M. In ways formed onor attached to said tailstock is fitted a slide, t, which has formed in it a slot, 8, Fig. 1, the lower side of which is an inclined plane. When said slide is pushed to the left, the said inclined plane acts against the projections s, and raises the pawls 1 from their engagement with the ratchet m. To slide back the tail-stock and insert a bolt of wood for turning, the operator raises the pawls from their engagement with the ratchets by the means described.

To the ratchet-bar m is attached the chain '12, Fig. 1. Said chain runs tightly over two pulleys or rollers, 0, Figs. 1 and 5, the bearings of which are supported by the lathe-bed. Said chain has one link, 19, Fig. 1, longer than the rest, and in said link is a longitudinal slot, 1'. In the slot 1" plays an adjustable pin, 8', Figs. 1, 2, and 5, which pin forms a projection from a reciprocating bar, 0, Figs. 1, 4, and 5, which slides in suitable bearin gs formed in or attached to the lathe-bed A. Said bar 0 is reciprocated by a bell-crank lever, P, Figs. 1, 4, and 6, one .end of which engages a pin or projection on the bar 0, which projection plays in a slot at one end of said bell-crank lever. Said bell-crank lever is pivoted to the under side of the lathe-bed at t. At the other end of said bell-crank lever is a bowl, which plays in the cam-groove 0", Fig. 3, of the cam I. Said cam-groove is formed in such manner. as to oscillate the bell-crank lever P and reciprocate the bar 0, chain at, and ratchet-bar m immediately after any piece of work in the lathe is finished and cut off, and it thus causes the tail-stock M to advance and force another length. of wood through the hollowarbor J, to

be operated upon by the'cutters in the sliding cutter-heads, hereinafter described.

The first sliding cutter-stock that advances I hollow, arbor'J. Said arbor carries one'or norecutters, ii, Fig. 9. Said arbor and its cutters are rotated in an opposite direction to that of thehollow arbor J by means of a cross belt.

The cutter-stock R is advanced to its work and carried backward by means'of a bar, S, Figs. 1- and 7, which slides in bearings formed in orattached to the bed A. Said bar has an upwardly-proj ectin g .arm, T, which is adjustably connected with, the cutter-stock R, and atthe end of said bar next the cam-wheel I is abowl,which plays in-the groove 0 on the under side of said cam. I

When the said cutter-stock advances, it presents its boring-cutters '5 i, Fig. 9, to the wood, which cutters turn out a cavity therein. Said cavity, when the said cutters are properly formedand adjusted,is a cylindrical cavity;

' but a single cutter may be employed, and for some purposes a cutter-holder may be rigidly attached to said cutter-stock R.

After thecutter-stock Rhas advanced and retreated, the sliding cutter-stocks R and R, Figs. 1, 2, 6, 9, and 10, are moved to their work, the cutter-stock R moving a little in advance of the cutter-stock B. The cutterstock R slides horizontally in or on ways formed on the central hollow box B of the bed A. The cutter-stock R slides vertically on a vertical guide, V, attached to the head-stock K, and said stock is laterally adjustable by means of a screw, v.

The cutter-stock R is reciprocated by means of a link, W, Fig. 4, pivoted at one end to said cutter-stock and at the other end to a bell-crank, X, Fig. 4, said bell-crank being pivoted to the lathe-bed at w, and having at b a bowl, which runs in the cam-groove c on the upper side of the cam-wheel I. The cutter-head B is vertically reciprocated by means of a link or connecting;rod, Y, Figs. 1, 6, and 10, pivoted at one end to said cutterhead, and having its other end pivoted to a vertically-oscillating bell-crank, Z, Figs. 1, 2, and 6. Said bell-crank is pivoted to the back side of the lathe-bed, and to its lower end is connected a horizontally-sliding bar, A, Figs. 1 and 4. Said sliding bar runs in bearings formed in or attached to the lathe-bed, and is connected at 6, Fig. 4, with a horizontallyoscillating bell-crank, B, Fig. 4, pivoted to the central hollow box of the lathe-bed. Said bell-crank has at f, Fig. 4, a bowl, whichruns in the cam-groove 0 on the under side of the cam I, the motion of which causes the said bell-crank to oscillate.

The cutter-stock R carries cutters 'i '6', Fig. 9, the former of which, in making a pillbox, forms the lip of the box, and the-latter of which takes off the rough edge of the lip. The vertically-sliding cutter-stock R carries a cutter, 12, Fig. 10, which finishes the periphery of the box.

After the cutter-stocks R and B have performed their functions the cutter-stock R advances. Said stock R, Figs.2 and 9, slides in or on'ways formed on or attached to the boxB,and itireceives its "motion through a connection operated by the cam-groove clon spring, 10, Fig. '4," is caused, when the cutterstock advances, to turu on its vertical axis andplace its cutter k to enter'- slightly into the interior of the box or. other hollow article inthelathe."-' F T "Atthefsame; time that the cutter-stock 3" advances, the carrier 0, Figsrl, 2, and 6, advances to receive the article after the sameis cut from the bolt: j. Said carrieris'ashort tube ofmetal pivoted to the lower and outer end of a bent arm, D. The outer end of said bent arm is attached to a vertical tool-post, E, which is oscillated on its vertical axis by a crank-arm, 9, Fig. 4, and slide h, said slide having a bowl which runs in the cam-groove a on the upper side of the cam I. Said carrier is provided with a descending weighted lever, 1', Figs. 1 and 2, which, in its retreat, hits against a stop, j, and inclines said carrier outward and downward, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, in which position the article received by it is dropped out into any suitable receptacle.

When said carrier has advanced to receive the article the cutter-stock R is advancedto out said article oil the wood bolt from which it has been turned. Said cutter-stock has on its under side a bowl, which enters the camgroove 0 on the upper side of the cam I, and is actuated by that groove without other con nections. The said cutter-stock R- carries a cutter, k", for cutting ofl' the finished pieceof work.

It willnow be seen that all the movements o in the'end of the arbor J opposite the boring-cutters '5 i, and the wood bolt is held while pointing by a screw-clamp, k, Figs.1, 2, and 8, attached to a sliding stock, J, fitted to slide on the same ways that guide the stock B. The jaws of said screw-clamp k are operated by a right and left threaded screw, m, the middle of which is fitted to a holdingboss, 12., attached to the stock J.

What I claim as my invention is-- 1. The lathe-bed A, having the central hollow box B, which partly incloses themechanism for operating the cutter-stocks, and is provided with ways for supporting and guiding cutter or tool stocks arranged thereon, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with mechanism, substantially as described, below the ways of the lathe be'd forfoperating two or more'cu'tter- "stocks, and avertical camshaft carrying the cam 61' "canis 'for actuating said mechanism, 'of

moving tailstock M for feeding the Wood through the rotating "holl'ow arb'or Jfof the rotating spur-center e, *siibstan'tially as and for the pur ose described.

' 4J'The'i3'ombina3tion, With'the ratchet m for moving the tail-stock reciprocatedby the cam I through intermediate mechanism, of the paw'ls Z, carried by the tail-stock M,f01'"en'- gaging the said ratchet, the-proj ection s on said pa'wls, and"the slide t for disengaging said pawls from said ratchet, substantially as and for the purpose specified. V

5 The'combin'ation of the tail-stock M,- the stationary ratchet 1" attached to thelathe bed, and thepawls 'l, pivoted to said tail-stock such manner that all of said 'pawlsare'raised by raising the inner one of said pawls, substantially'as and for the purpose set forth.

6. The combination, with the head-stock K, of 'the swinging tubular carrier 0, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified. 7. The combination of the sliding cutterstock R, the tool-post I, having" the projectionm and oscillating on its vertical axis, the spring 11, and stopn, substantially as and for the purpose specified. EDWIN SILVER.

Witnesses: Y

- BJBAGSTERS,

Reading, Berkshire.

' J. P.'LEA, I

Reading, Berkshire. 

